Quotation Errors
When using APA style for writing, individuals often get confused about when to use quotations and when to use italics. In this lesson, we will review when to use quotations. Read section 6.15, p.176 of the Publication Manual to identify when to use italics instead of quotations and pp. 170 - 173 (6.03 - 6.09) to identify how to use quotations.
When to use quotations:
The first time a word or phrase that is ironic, slang, invented, or coined is used (Note: only use quotations the first time it is mentioned; thereafter, do not use quotations around the word or phrase).
- Jane's behavior is "normal" for a child with bipolar disorder.
- Jane is a "Third Culture Kid."
To note a quote or the reproduction of material verbatim that is fewer than 40 words.
- "the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for children with bipolar disorder has mixed results" (Johnson, 1997, p. 34).
Tip: Quotations of forty or more words should be displayed as block quotes. To read more about block quotes see section 6.03 (pp. 170 - 171) of the Publication Manual.
To note a title for an article or a chapter in a periodical or book in text (Note: NOT in the reference list).
- Payne, West, Rockinson-Szapkiw, and Castellanos (2007) wrote "Overcoming Challenges in Online Counseling Course Practica."
- "Overcoming Challenges in Online Counseling Course Practica" outlines common challenges faced by students taking group counseling courses online (Payne, West, Rockinson-Szapkiw, & Castellanos, 2007).
Tip: The ampersand ("&") belongs only in parenthetical material such as in-text citations or in the references. Use "and" in the text of the paper.
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